Insights & Impact

Evidence over
announcements.

We publish reports, commentary and analysis on inclusive finance.

Two people reviewing research and charts at a table
Roundtable outcomes

Four dimensions of impact.

The Consortium’s latest roundtables and workshops produced an inclusive finance impact framework. It sets four dimensions for measuring what inclusive finance changes in people’s lives. Every national pilot is measured against them.

01

Sustained use

People keep using the service, often and reliably.

Example indicators
  • Active use after 90 days
  • Transaction frequency
  • Service uptime
02

Protection & redress

Problems get fixed fast and fairly.

Example indicators
  • Complaint resolution time
  • Refunds paid
  • Fraud loss rate
03

Resilience

More choice and better recovery from shocks.

Example indicators
  • Products used per person
  • Recovery after a shock
  • Women’s share of active users
04

Inclusive growth

Value created and kept locally.

Example indicators
  • Small business revenue growth
  • Jobs supported
  • Value retained locally
Research library

All publications.

Three papers published and one in preparation. Each is free to download.

Powering Inclusive Finance, cover
Call for contributions
Coming soonWhite paper

Powering Inclusive Finance

Our next white paper examines how the Global Unified Ledger can remove the inefficiencies that stop inclusive finance from scaling. Providers, regulators and funders can shape it before publication.

Want to collaborate?

Contribute data, use cases, technical review or co-authorship.

From Access to Impact, cover
White paperNov 2025

From Access to Impact

Advancing inclusive finance for a resilient and equitable future.

Defy’s flagship paper on moving inclusive finance from counting accounts to measuring agency, protection and inclusion.

Download PDF →
Impact Banking, cover
LitepaperOct 2024

Impact Banking

Redefining wealth in the modern era.

Few impact finance products are open to everyday people. This litepaper sets out impact banking, which builds impact into ordinary banking services. Customers look after their financial health and contribute to social and environmental change at the same time.

Download PDF →
Reaching the Underserved, cover
White paperMay 2024

Reaching the Underserved

Circular Financial Identity and Circular Digital KYC.

Identity checks are slow and costly, and they often exclude underserved communities. This paper introduces Circular Financial Identity, a self-sovereign view of a person’s financial life that goes beyond credit scores. It shows how it makes digital KYC more efficient, secure and private.

Download PDF →

Contribute to our research.

Join the call for contributions to our next white paper, or propose a topic you would like the consortium to research.